Um estudo sobre os fatores adotados na seleção de fornecedores do setor elétrico brasileiro por empresas sediadas na América Latina

Abstract

This exploratory study discusses on which are the criteria adopted, for the selection of suppliers in the Brazilian electrical sector, by companies with head offices in 16 Latin-American countries; and the existing relationship between those criteria and the answers obtained from Brazilian suppliers. First of all, we made a literary review relative to the research problem, and interviews with experts in the GTD (Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy) sector, where 32 variables were identified and used for the elaboration of the Survey Instrument in the Likert scale. Later, this instrument was applied to 191 respondents, being 86 of foreign companies and 105 Brazilian companies. Through the factorial analysis, the most important factors for the selection of the suppliers were identified, which are : Service and Relationship Capacity (Factor 1) ;Technical and Technological Aspects (Factor 2) ;Business Facilitators ( Factor 3); Quality and Warranty of the Products( Factor 4); Commitment and Reliability of the Products (Factor 5);Reputation of the Suppliers( Factor 6);Financial Aspects ( Factor 7). The above mentioned factors were identified as a function of four variables: 1. Origin of the Company's Corporate Capital; 2. Geographic Localization; 3. Annual Invoicing; and 4. Position of the Respondents of the surveyed companies. Through the discrimination analysis, it was noticed that the Service and Relationship Capacity factor was the one that showed the best concordance among the respondents, showing the importance in obtaining constant improvements in these items, between suppliers and purchasers. It was also noticed that the Price criterion, independently of the four mentioned variables, is considered important for all the respondents. This study offers to the purchase departments, the opportunities for the elaboration of new selection and evaluation instruments of suppliers.